{"id":52,"date":"2020-10-24T15:31:55","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T15:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/?p=52"},"modified":"2021-01-09T22:58:24","modified_gmt":"2021-01-09T15:58:24","slug":"cac-u-bieu-mo-va-u-to-chuc-lien-ket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/cac-u-bieu-mo-va-u-to-chuc-lien-ket\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C U BI\u1ec2U M\u00d4 V\u00c0 U T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C LI\u00caN K\u1ebeT"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00c1C U BI\u1ec2U M\u00d4 V\u00c0 U T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C LI\u00caN K\u1ebeT<\/p>\n

PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u00c1C KH\u1ed0I U THEO T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C U BI\u1ec2U M\u00d4<\/strong>
1 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng .<\/strong>
Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bao ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 , m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c khoang c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khoang ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng .Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 khe r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p ch\u1ee9a d\u1ecbch gian b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y . Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ngo\u1ea1i b\u00ec nh\u01b0 da , ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c xoang mi\u1ec7ng , m\u0169i , h\u1eadu m\u00f4n , …hay ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i b\u00ec g\u1ed3m thanh qu\u1ea3n , kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n , ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n , ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u1ed1ng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 , gan m\u1eadt b\u00e0ng quang …Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i : bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi\u00eau m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

1-1 Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ee7 : bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n ,\u00a0 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 t\u1ea7ng l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng g\u1eb7p \u1edf da, l\u01b0\u1ee1i. \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 vu\u00f4ng t\u1ea7ng , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea7ng , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf b\u1ec3 th\u1eadn ,ni\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n , b\u00e0ng quang ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o . C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u nh\u00fa v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai.<\/p>\n

1-2 \u00a0Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn : l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft . Tuy\u1ebfn chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft .Tuy\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebft\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft . Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung gian gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ki\u00ean tr\u00fac l\u1eabn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft.Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 , th\u00e1p hay \u0111a di\u1ec7n b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft .Tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft : c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ebft ra th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u00e1u v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hormon . x\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo ki\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1edbi , ki\u1ec3u nang v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c .Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4\u00a0 tuy\u1ebfn .C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c , c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y \u00edt bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn , c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 do bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng , c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e1y , c\u00e1c mitochondria h\u00ecnh que s\u1ebfp d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u00ea b\u00e0o .<\/p>\n

1-3 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 :C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u li\u00ean k\u1ebft . C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u n\u1eb1m \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u1edbi nhau \u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m , t\u1eebng \u1ed5 t\u1eebng d\u1ea3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o . Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed5 , c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft . Trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u , d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u hay t\u1eeb m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ea5m qua m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p , b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 . Khi dich t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u , ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u1ea5p thu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft cho n\u00ean u \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u0103n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ch .<\/p>\n

2. U bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh .<\/strong><\/p>\n

2-1. U nh\u00fa ( papilloma )<\/em><\/strong>U nh\u00fa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ee7<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf\u00a0bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u1edf da, l\u01b0\u1ee1i. \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o , bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1edf b\u1ec3 th\u1eadn ,ni\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3n ,\u00a0 b\u00e0ng quang hay\u00a0bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c<\/em>\u00a0( bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u00a0\u1ed1ng b\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn , tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 , h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p\u00a0) trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00a0c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ed3i l\u00ean cao .<\/em>U nh\u00fa chia ra u nh\u00fa l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 u nh\u00fa ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

2-1-1. U nh\u00fa l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng.(papilloma)<\/em>U n\u00e0y hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf da, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, thanh qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c r\u1ed7ng n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung .T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c s\u00f9i (h\u1ea1t c\u01a1m ) \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee5c ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1eb9p.Ng\u00e0y nay u nh\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 do virus human papilloma virus ( HPV ) v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n , da v\u00f9ng sinh d\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng \u00e2m h\u1ed9 .Vi th\u1ec3 \u00a0th\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai\u00a0 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00fa , t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e2n b\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c nh\u00fa t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u . L\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gai t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n b\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec\u00a0 . T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00e2n b\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7y l\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh .+ \u00a0T\u0103ng gai ( acanthosis ) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng sinh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbp Malpighi l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u00e0y h\u01a1n , c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ec (ch\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec ) l\u1ea5n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n b\u00ec . T\u0103ng gai \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ec7nh eczema \u00a0, vi\u00eam lo\u00e9t m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh .. + \u00a0T\u0103ng s\u1eebng\u00a0( hyperkeratosis ) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1edbp s\u1eebng d\u1ea7y l\u00ean. Do s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng scleroprotein t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t s\u1eebng . T\u0103ng s\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng (b\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n – leucoplasia ) \u1edf ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c mi\u1ec7ng , c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung .<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ed3i nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i , t\u1eed cung \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o ,t\u00fai m\u1eadt , \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng ,d\u1ea1 d\u1ea7y , ru\u1ed9t\u2026u nh\u00fa ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 p\u00f4lyp. Th\u1ef1c ra polyp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u tuy\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u nh\u00fa v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u0103ng sinh.Trong polyp \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng , k\u00e8m nh\u00e2n chia kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh . \u1ede \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m polyp , kho\u1ea3ng 10% c\u00e1c u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 2 cm chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh . C\u00e1c polyp d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. \u1ede ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m polyp. C\u00e1c polyp d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, b\u00e0ng quang c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh .<\/p>\n

2-2. U tuy\u1ebfn ( adenoma ):<\/em><\/strong>U tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh , r\u1ea5t hay g\u1eb7p c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sinh ra n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb . Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a gan b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y , s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, l\u1ed3i l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t gan v\u00e0 \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 u tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gan t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. M\u1ed9t u tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc. \u00a0Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chung v\u1ec1 u tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau . Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc r\u00f5 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 sinh ra . c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn ( v\u00fa, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ru\u1ed9t non, t\u1ee5y ) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00e8 , d\u1ea3i ( gan, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn). L\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp , nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y , x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi .U tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n d\u00e0i do s\u1ef1 co b\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 ru\u1ed9t g\u00e2y n\u00ean . V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t p\u00f4lyp. T\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng polyp hay\u00a0 l\u00e0 polyp tuy\u1ebfn. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n , m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n , m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh . C\u00e1c u tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y 5-20 % , \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng 10% .Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00f3t c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a u tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00e3n to ra t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nang . Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0u nang tuy\u1ebfn<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0( cystadenoma ). Lo\u1ea1i u n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u00a0nh\u1ea5t \u1edf bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1edfi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 cao, ch\u1ebf ti\u1ebft\u00a0 ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00f3t nh\u1eefng nang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eb9t \u0111i v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 \u00e9p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng sinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng nang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh u nang tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00fa \u00a0.<\/p>\n

3. U bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u00e1c t\u00ednh\u00a0<\/strong>(\u00a0carcinoma ho\u1eb7c epithelioma<\/strong>\u00a0).Ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 \u00e1c t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft xung quanh . N\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i u \u00e1c hay g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n sarcom . C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4. Ch\u00fang h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng , t\u00fai . C\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m li\u00ean k\u1ebft xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng , t\u00fai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o . T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. N\u1ebfu c\u1eaft ngang m\u1ed9t u nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t th\u00ec th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau . Ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0lan t\u1ecfa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau .<\/p>\n

+ X\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khe .<\/em>\u00a0L\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p lan t\u1ecfa ch\u00ednh . Danh t\u1eeb \u201c cancer \u201d v\u00e0 \u201c carcinoma\u201d ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con cua. C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 \u00a0x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n t\u1ecfa v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed\u00a0 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n, c\u00e0ng con cua \u0111ang b\u00f2 .<\/p>\n

+ X\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft .<\/em>C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc theo l\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch . S\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft quanh c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t .+ C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 theo d\u00f2ng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch xa h\u01a1n .<\/em><\/p>\n

+\u00a0<\/strong>Lan t\u1ecfa theo d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1ng \u1edf xa.<\/em>Dobi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u , d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u hay t\u1eeb m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m th\u1ea5m qua m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p , b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 . Khi dich t\u00e1i h\u1ea5p thu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u , ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u1ea5p thu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft cho n\u00ean u \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng di c\u0103n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch m\u1ea1ch . M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ch lympho c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng to l\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y . C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ch nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u th\u00ec h\u1ea1ch to l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 sau to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c u x\u00e2m l\u1eabn. Lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 l\u00e1t t\u1ea7ng \u1edf da, l\u01b0\u1ee1i\u2026 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lan t\u1ecfa b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft. Tuy v\u1eady, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.Lan t\u1ecfa theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u c\u0169ng hay g\u1eb7p, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hay g\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft. Trong ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ee5y, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c t\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u1eeda t\u1edbi gan \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y c\u00e1c di c\u0103n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c ( v\u00fa\u2026) th\u00ec ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed di c\u0103n hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed di c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t, v\u00fa, ph\u1ed5i, th\u1eadn, tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p. Di c\u0103n x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

3<\/strong>-1 .Ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai<\/strong>\u00a0( squamous cell carcinoma )V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3<\/em>\u00a0: \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf da, mi\u1ec7ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, thanh qu\u1ea3n, c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 b\u00e0ng quang. Ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p , ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 , t\u00fai m\u1eadt\u00a0 (d\u1ecb s\u1ea3n gai ) .Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 da l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1eb7t, c\u1ed5, m\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh ( n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, lo\u00e9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o c\u0169 , v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng r\u1ed9ng , \u1edf da l\u1ed7 r\u00f2 vi\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u1ef7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh \u00a0). \u1ede gian \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, b\u1ec7nh d\u1ec5 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi. V\u1ec1 sau s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 lo\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 b\u1edd c\u1ee9 d\u1ea7y l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u . Ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai lan t\u1ecfa b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ch l\u00e2n c\u1eadn b\u1ecb x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 to l\u00ean, lan t\u1ecfa theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng hay s\u1ea3y ra .H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3.<\/em>C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n b\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p u nh\u00fa. Do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t c\u00e1t ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9o m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 n\u1eb1m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eebng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t da b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t, r\u1ed3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ch\u1ea5t s\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, b\u1eaft m\u00e0u eosin m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ch\u1ea5t s\u1eebng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t da. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai (c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec). C\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m s\u1eebng h\u00f3a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng<\/em><\/strong>. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quanh \u0111\u00e1m s\u1eebng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eafp s\u1ebfp qu\u00e2y l\u1ea5y nhau ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eebng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 gai n\u1ed1i. Trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a.<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t trong ung th\u01b0 da, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y trong ung th\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang trong ung th\u01b0 b\u00e0ng quang ho\u1eb7c ung thu c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Quanh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o limph\u00f4.Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 cao (r\u00f5 ) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 gai n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eebng ho\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbn , b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5 , nh\u00e2n to , nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u s\u1eebng .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 k\u00e9m g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1ecf , kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh .Di c\u0103n : 10 %\u00a0 ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 gai di c\u0103n t\u1edbi h\u1ea1ch di c\u0103n mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng .<\/p>\n

3-2 \u00a0Ung th\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y \u00a0(basal cell carcinoma ):
\n<\/strong>U \u00e1c t\u00ednh , b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ed5i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf da tr\u00e1n , m\u0129u m\u00e1 tai m\u00f4i tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c tr\u00f2n h\u01a1i nh\u00f4 cao nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i cm d\u1ec5 lo\u00e9t , , \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en x\u1eabm d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 .C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi th\u1ec3 u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n s\u1eabm m\u00e0u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m bao quanh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u .\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u00ean kh\u1ed1i u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eebng h\u00f3a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a da.<\/em>\u00a0U ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm kh\u00f4ng lan t\u1ecfa theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u. C\u00f3 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb , v\u00ec th\u1ebf u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng u \u00e1c t\u00ednh \u00edt nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3-3 Ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn\u00a0 ( adenocarcinoma )
\n<\/strong>U c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng tu\u1ef3 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed u , c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn. Hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0, t\u00fai m\u1eadt, t\u1ee5y, t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00fa v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean c\u00e1c ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 cao : c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn sinh ra n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn , ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 tr\u1ee5 .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 v\u1eeba : c\u00f2n gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i .+ Bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 k\u00e9m : kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i tuy\u1ebfn .c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1eaft m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadm , nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia . C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 m\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau ho\u00e1\u00a0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh\u00a0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u01a1 ni\u00eam ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp c\u01a1<\/p>\n

C\u00c1C U C\u1ee6A T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C LI\u00caN K\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/p>\n

1\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>\u00a0:M\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb trung b\u00ec n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c , b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o v\u00e0 sinh kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 .M\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed3m ; , t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trung m\u00f4 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef (m\u00f4 b\u00e0o – histyocyte ) , t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi (reticulocyt ), nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i ,\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o, t\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o , mastocyt , t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1 , t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t gian b\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i .2 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a u l\u1ec9\u00ean k\u1ebft : c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft tuy c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u1ebf bao trung m\u00f4 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch xa nhau , n\u1eb1m trong ch\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sang nhau , c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o , gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n , c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i ki\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1eb1m xen k\u1ebd nhau , cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u0169ng mang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 u \u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sarcom ,\u00a0 ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 , kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 di c\u0103n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u .2 C\u00e1c u li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh .<\/p>\n

2-1 \u00a0U x\u01a1\u00a0 ( fibroma )<\/strong>: u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i , u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 , u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0i cm .Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong u x\u01a1 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh thoi x\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh b\u00f3 \u0111an ch\u00e9o nhau v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ee3i keo . T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o keo thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec3u t\u00f9y t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.\u00a0C\u00e1c u x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(\u00a0<\/em>fibroma durum )\u00a0<\/strong>th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u00edt t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o keo.\u00a0U x\u01a1<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0m\u1ec1m<\/strong><\/em>( fibroma molle )<\/strong>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u1ed1i u c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1c t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng u x\u01a1 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i u hay g\u1eb7p. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 u x\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

– V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em>\u00a0n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft d\u1eb9t (c\u1ee9ng\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed3ng l\u00ean) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i \u00f3ng \u00e1nh ch\u1ea1y ch\u00e9o qua.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0V\u1ec1 vi th\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em>\u00a0th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ea1y v\u1eaft ch\u00e9o nhau. Xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u00edt.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0V\u1ecb tr\u00ed, <\/em><\/strong>\u1edf da\u00a0, c\u00e1c u x\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c m\u1ec1m. Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi da, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 +\u00a0U x\u01a1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinhc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra l\u00e0m u x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh da v\u00e0 u x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi da v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

U x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh (neurofibroma)\u00a0da<\/strong>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t c\u0103ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong da. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i u c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf v\u00f9ng l\u01b0ng , th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi , b\u1ea3 vai , v\u00f9ng da u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 tuy nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng u \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c , \u0111\u00f4i khi u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m u \u00a0\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Von Recklinghau-sen. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh u th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ee3i\u00a0(neurofibromatosis)\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>. U th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u1ecf li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a bao d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh . U th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5c ph\u00ecnh to tr\u00ean d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh , m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m , chun gi\u00e3n , v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 u x\u01a1 m\u1ec1m (molluscum fibrosum). U kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi u bao Schwann \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 : u x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00eau \u1ed5 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Schwann . c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y x\u1ebfp song song v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i l\u1eabn trong m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e8m nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i . c\u00f2n u bao Schwann (Schwannoma ) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Schwann h\u00ecnh thoi d\u00e0i nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf , b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u1eafp x\u1ebfp 2 ki\u1ec3u : Ki\u1ec3u Antoni A r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o , c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh b\u00f3 xo\u1eafn nhau , ho\u1eb7c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1eadu song song v\u1edbi nhau hay cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 Verocay gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 x\u00fac gi\u00e1c . Ki\u1ec3u\u00a0 Antoni B \u00edt t\u1ebf b\u00e0o , c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh sao trong m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m tho\u00e1I ho\u00e1 nh\u1ea7yv\u00e0 tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 trong . u th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm , kho\u1ea3ng 10% c\u00e1c u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh .<\/p>\n

.\u00a0U x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh d\u01b0\u1edbi da v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 u x\u01a1 th\u1ea7n kinh da nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec hay c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

U th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u00e1m r\u1ed1i\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>(plexiform neurofibroma) u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u hay \u1edf l\u1edbp b\u00ec v\u00f9ng da \u0111\u1ea7u , g\u00e1y , mi m\u1eaft , hi\u1ebfm \u1edf h\u1ed1c mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 do m\u00f4 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea7n kinh (endoneurium) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh d\u00e0y l\u00ean v\u00e0 ngo\u1eb1n ngh\u00e8o. Ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. + C\u00e1c u x\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ni\u00eam m\u1ea1cth\u00ec n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed3i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, th\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecf. U x\u01a1 m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n.+U x\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng (desmoid tumor). Do Mankin t\u00ecm ra n\u0103m 1932 . Kho\u1ea3ng 80% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 sinh \u0111\u1ebb con, \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5ng.. U kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc , r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc , kh\u00f4ng \u0111au , th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u00f4 k\u1ebf c\u1eadn ,k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi 15cm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi choc kg , u c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1eafc m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m , k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3I x\u01a1 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00a0ch\u1eef (desmos) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (d\u1ea3i) ho\u1eb7c (s\u1ee3i) . . C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh b\u00f3 \u0111an ch\u00e9o nhau , kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1i , nh\u00e2n chia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nh\u1ea7y . c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0u u \u00a0x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o c\u01a1. C\u00e1c th\u1edb c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u00f4m v\u00e0o trong kh\u1ed1i u s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 d\u1ecb v\u1eadt.U th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 d\u1ec5 t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t khi c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

2-2\u00a0 U m\u1ee1 (lipoma):\u00a0<\/strong>th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef 40-50 tu\u1ed5i\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u hay g\u1eb7p, xu\u1ea5t hi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi da c\u1ed5, vai, l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i khi, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 m\u1ea1c treo v\u00e0 sau ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y u m\u1ee1 \u1edf tu\u1ef7 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ( chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1% c\u00e1c u x\u01b0\u01a1ng ) , r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng . Hi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u1edbp h\u1ea1 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 polyp. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh suy m\u00f2n, trong khi m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau \u0111i nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed1i u m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau.U m\u1ee1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c\u00a0 m\u1ec1m, ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5, c\u00f3 m\u00fai, c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, d\u1ec5 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp c\u00e2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp da ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean u m\u1ee1 th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i x\u01a1 n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb da v\u00e0o u m\u1ee1. U m\u1ee1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i u r\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng u m\u1ee1 sau ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 u m\u1ee1 quanh th\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i khi, tuy r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ebfm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 ph\u00f4i thai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eefng u n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sac \u2013 c\u00f4m m\u1ee1. U \u0111\u00f4ng mi\u00ean ( hibernoma ), nh\u01b0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 trong nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed hay g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng hai b\u1ea3 vai nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p \u1edf n\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f9i. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o to ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 m\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1i t\u00ean (u \u0111\u00f4ng mi\u00ean) ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd u n\u00e0y u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u m\u1ee1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 ch\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (Cox).<\/p>\n

2-3 . U nh\u1ea7y<\/strong> ( myxoma ): u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean g\u1eb7p \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1I trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 .\u00a0 \u1edf tim v\u00f9ng l\u1ed7 b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m nh\u0129 tr\u00e1i . u th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf , \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdcKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac vi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a u nh\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh sao ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, h\u00ecnh thoi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ea7y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u mucopolysarcharit\u00a0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00a0t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed1n . Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y n\u00e0y cos th\u1ec3 nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng mucicarmin. Kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung m\u00f4 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 , u x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 t\u00e1iI ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n

2-4.U s\u1ee5n: u chi\u1ebfm 10% c\u00e1c u l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n 20-40 tu\u1ed5i , 60% g\u1eb7p \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1t b\u00e0n tay b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n , \u0111\u00f4I khi they u s\u1ee5n \u1edf m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p , nieem m\u1ea1c mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i . u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c , u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ef3 V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u n\u00ean n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nh\u1ea7y. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb canxi h\u00f3a di\u1ec7n c\u1eaft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 can xi ho\u00e1 . ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng . V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t vi th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c s\u1ee5n trong \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee5n n\u1eb1m ri\u00eang r\u1ebd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m. U s\u1ee5n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm lan r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 , 55 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh\u00a0 U c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u00f4 s\u1ee5n t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 .E- U x\u01b0\u01a1ng ( osteoma ) :\u00a0<\/strong>u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n 40-50 tu\u1ed5i hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd , m\u1eb7t , x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0m , u th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i , c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4 x\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 r\u00f5 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e8 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng , u ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hamactom h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 . u x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u00a0U x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ed1p<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0( cancellous osteoma ) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ed1p. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ee5n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 u s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh x\u01b0ong, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1ee5n.\u00a0Gai x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00f3ng<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t u x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ed1p m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t l\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00f3ng ch\u00e2n l\u00ean n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111au.<\/p>\n

3 \u00a0C\u00e1c u li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00e1c t\u00ednh .<\/strong><\/p>\n

3-1 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung<\/strong>: Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c u li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00e1c t\u00ednh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sarcom. Ch\u00fang h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sac-c\u00f4m tuy r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sac-c\u00f4m lympho, sac-c\u00f4m h\u1eafc t\u1ed1, sac-c\u00f4m c\u01a1,T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a sac-c\u00f4m thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n vi th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng u c\u00e0ng \u00e1c t\u00ednh bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 chu\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau .<\/p>\n

*H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3.<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u .Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung. M\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u00ec ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt (sark: th\u1ecbt). N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi\u00a0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng u n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o.\u00a0 M\u1eb7t c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec hay c\u00f3 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a cho n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u00e1u nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed, tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nh\u1ea7y, d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 nhuy\u1ec5n ho\u00e1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c u.\u00a0Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3.<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng sac-c\u00f4m k\u00e9m bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i\u00a0 \u00edt t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e0ng bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Cho n\u00ean, trong sac-c\u00f4m x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u1ec3 b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u01a1i nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o khe gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ri\u00eang l\u1ebb trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e0nh \u1ed5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i u ph\u00e1t sinh ra. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, trong sac-c\u00f4m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh \u1ed5 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u ra v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhau b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/em>\u00a0T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng trong sac-c\u00f4m x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o khi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c . Cac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a sac-c\u00f4m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trung di\u1ec7p. Ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mao m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 xoang m\u1ea1ch xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c u, trong khi \u1edf ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m n\u1eb1m xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed do ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u. sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean hay s\u1ea3y ra xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean cho l\u1eafm. C\u00e1c ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia trong sac-c\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia trong c\u00e1c ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u00ec trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec b\u1ecb vi\u00eam v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia.V\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i, nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee5n\u2026 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a , kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u00ec. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec3u hinh nh\u00e2n chia, trong nh\u1eefng sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm th\u00ec h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t u x\u01a1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p trong m\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m \u00e1c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u1ed1i u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u0111a nh\u00e2n, tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u00edt g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

Lan t\u1ecfa.<\/strong>sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00ecnh ra n\u00ean hay t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i u l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u: Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u b\u00f2 theo m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa khe c\u00e1c th\u1edb c\u01a1, qua c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng Havers c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026Do xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n n\u00e0y n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 u hay b\u1ecb t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t.Di c\u0103n x\u1ea3y ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u.C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1ea1i m\u1ecfng n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sac-c\u00f4m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0o trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 di c\u0103n s\u1edbm theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. C\u00e1c di c\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf ph\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Do s\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa s\u1edbm nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu X quang ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c di c\u0103n. Lan t\u1ecfa theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft \u00edt g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong 5 t\u1edbi 10% tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/strong>C\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m r\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec kh\u1eafp c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c da, c\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

3-2 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sac-c\u00f4m:<\/strong>C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i sac-c\u00f4m.C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc.Trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong kh\u1ed3i u. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 sac-c\u00f4m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u00f2n (to v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf), sac-c\u00f4m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi (to v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf), sac-c\u00f4m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o pha v\u00e0 sac-c\u00f4m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u00edt c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.Trong c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 2, kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 sinh ra. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta c\u00f3 sac-c\u00f4m x\u01a1, sac-c\u00f4m x\u01b0\u01a1ng, sac-c\u00f4m s\u1ee5n\u2026 C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a r\u00f5 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng khi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee5n, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o keo\u2026D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

3-2-1 . S\u00e1c c\u00f4m x\u01a1 ( fibrosarcoma) : l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh , hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi 20-50 tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng they \u1edf m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m c\u00e1c chi , m\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi da, hi\u00eam \u1edf v\u00f9ng sau trung th\u1ea5t . \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc di\u1ec7n c\u1eaft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u tho\u00e1I ho\u00e1 nh\u1ea7y chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n s\u1ee5n x\u01b0\u01a1ng , d\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng .C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac u g\u1ed3m hai d\u1ea1ng , \u1edf d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ee3i hinh toi, nh\u00e2n d\u00e0i \u01b0a ki\u1ec1m b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00edt h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh b\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ea3I t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn l\u1ed1c k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o keo .D\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 20% c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n chia nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh .D\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh , d\u1ec5 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 di c\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i gan , x\u01b0\u01a1ng .C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00e0ng to th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i u c\u00e0ng \u00e1c t\u00ednh.N\u00f3i chung h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0 ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh thoi .T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec7m c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u01b0a th\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t u x\u01a1. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n chia \u00edt ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a sac-c\u00f4m.<\/p>\n

3-2-2\u00a0. s\u00e1c com th\u1ea7n kinh x\u01a1 ( neurofibrosarcoma ).<\/strong>C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0sac-c\u00f4m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y do Ewing \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e2u. Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m x\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u coi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh. Nh\u01b0ng Stout th\u00ec l\u1ea1i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 qu\u1ea5n v\u00e0o nhau. Kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf th\u1ea7n kinh quay ,gi\u1eefa , ch\u1ea7y , r\u1ec5 tu\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng , \u0111\u00e1m r\u1ed1i c\u00e1nh tay c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n kinh b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n , c\u00e1c d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ecd n\u00e3o .c\u00e1c u c\u00f3 gianh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c sac-c\u00f4m th\u1ea7n kinh khu tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, ch\u00fang x\u1ebd x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh.d\u1ebd t\u00e1iph\u00e1t , \u00edt di c\u0103n xa .<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong>th\u00ec n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m x\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi \u00a0l\u1ea1i s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh xo\u00e1y l\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u00f3 qu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 they c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n ki\u1ec1m t\u00ednh , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 they c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n , t\u00ea b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi .3-2-3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0S\u00e1c c\u00f4m x\u01b0\u01a1ng (osteosarcoma) \u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i 10-25 tu\u1ed5i , hay th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u1ed5 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i , tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea7y , \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1nh tay t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4I u \u1edf gg\u1ea7n g\u1ed1i xa khu\u1ef7u . \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m m\u1ec1m , c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed5 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft , u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n c\u1eebu .H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3 u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi ho\u1eb7c \u0111a di\u1ec7n b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f5, nhi\u1ec1u nn\u00e2n qu\u00e1i , nh\u00e2n chia . t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh b\u00e8 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng . U ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 di c\u0103n \u0111eesn gan n\u00e3o trong kho\u1ea3ng 18 th\u00e1ng ,<\/p>\n

3-3-3.sac-c\u00f4m s\u1ee5n ( chondrosarcoma )\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i u c\u00f3 t\u1ef7l\u1ec7 20% trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng , th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nam gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb 30-60 tu\u1ed5i hay \u1edf x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eadu , c\u00e1nh tay , \u0111\u00f9i , x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u01a1nf, b\u1ea3 vai, . U c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn \u00a0x\u00e2m l\u1eabn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y n\u00ean di c\u0103n \u1edf ph\u1ed5i. u c\u00f3 m\u00fai \u0111\u00f4I khi th\u00e0nh nang v\u00e0 , m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft tr\u1eafng trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4I khi m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng . C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o s\u1ee5n t\u0103ng srn , nh\u00e2n to , \u00edt nh\u00e2n chia .Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t u s\u1ee5n v\u00e0 sac-c\u00f4m s\u1ee5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 (x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n\u2026) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3. Khi c\u00f3 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nh\u1ea7y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd \u00e1c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

3-3-4\u00a0.Sac-c\u00f4m m\u1ee1 ( liposarcoma ).<\/strong>U hay g\u1eb7p \u1edf tu\u1ed5i trung ni\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 , hi\u1ebfm khi \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i , u c\u00f3 khi r\u1ea5t to t\u1edbi 5 kg , m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c r\u1eafn m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng , c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ed5 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u . Kh\u1ed1i u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i hi\u00eam nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m m\u1ee1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p sac-c\u00f4m m\u1ee1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee1 nh\u01b0ng hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khe gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1, quanh c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng sau ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c , trung th\u1ea5t \u00a0v\u00e0 quanh th\u1eadn. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc sau khi c\u1eaft b\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh, do \u0111\u00f3, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u.H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau. \u1edf d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1ee1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, t\u00e1iI ph\u00e1t ch\u1eadm, \u00edt di c\u0103n . D\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng hay g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh thoi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u1edbn, h\u00ecnh sao , b\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0103n t\u0103n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ee1. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ee1, th\u00ec\u00a0 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu nhu\u1ed9m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m m\u1ee1. c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u00ecnh sao \u00a0nh\u1ea1t m\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ta nh\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 di c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 th\u1eadn (lo\u1ea1i hypernephroma). S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hay s\u1ea3y ra khi u n\u1eb1m trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u00a0 m\u1ee1 ph\u00f4i thai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u0169ng hay g\u1eb7p.Lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh di c\u0103n s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i ,gan .<\/p>\n

3-3-4\u00a0.Sac-c\u00f4m nh\u1ea7y (myxosarcoma ).<\/strong>U r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p , th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf sau ph\u00fac m\u1ea1c , h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 u nh\u1ea7y nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n chia nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1i . Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m u , m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a nh\u1ea7y ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t sac-c\u00f4m<\/p>\n

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C\u00c1C U BI\u1ec2U M\u00d4 V\u00c0 U T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C LI\u00caN K\u1ebeT PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u00c1C KH\u1ed0I U THEO T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C C\u00c1C U BI\u1ec2U M\u00d41 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng .Bi\u1ec3u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,2],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-52","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khong-phan-loai","category-doc-sach-cho-vui","tag-sieu-am-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions\/54"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdha.edu.vn\/cdha\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}